The electric field across the pn junction of a diode is created by donor atoms in the n region losing free electrons to acceptor atoms in thep region. Boron is a trivalent (acceptor) material used for doping to increase the holes. Antimony is a pentavalent (donor) material used for doping to increase fiee electrons. Doping is the carefully controlled addition of trivalent or pentavalent atoms to pure (intrinsic) semiconductor material for the purpose of increasing the number of majority carriers (fiee electrons or holes). Section 1-5 N- Type and P- Type Semiconductors 8. Current is produced in silicon at the conduction band and the valence band. When heat is added to silicon, more fiee electrons and holes are produced. Section 1-4 Conduction in Semiconductors 6. In a silicon crystal, each atom forms four covalent bonds. An atom with four valence electrons is a semiconductor. The materials represented in Figure 1-40 in the textbook are (a) insulator (b) semiconductor (c) conductor 4. The third shell of an atom can have 2n2 = 2(3)2 = 18 electrons Section 1-2 Semiconductors, Conductors, and Insulators 3. An atom with an atomic number of 6 has 6 electrons and 6 protons 2. 1 Chapter 1 Semiconductor Basics Section 1-1 Atomic Structure 1.
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